Comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the pyrometallurgical process

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Fire refining raw materials used are mainly of zinc concentrate and zinc concentrate of lead-zinc mixed, typically contain a variety of valuable metals and other elements. During the smelting process, low-boiling metals are enriched in flue gas and soot, and high-boiling metals are enriched in intermediate products and distillation tank slag. These materials are important resources for the recovery of valuable metals, flue gas, acid heat, power generation and others. Figure 1 is a diagram of the integrated recovery system of vertical tank zinc smelting in Huludao Zinc Plant in China.
Figure 1 Huludao zinc plant vertical tank zinc smelting comprehensive recovery system
A system - SO2 flue gas to produce acid;
B system - valuable metal recovery;
1The calcined soot extracts cadmium and tellurium , and extracts metals such as Cd, T1 and Pb and ZnSO 4 ;
2 coke junction distillation soot is used to recover indium and cadmium raw materials, which can recover In, Cd, Pb and ZnSO 4 ;
3 rectification by-product high cadmium zinc, containing indium lead can recover In, Cd, Pb and Zn;
4 roasting flue gas chlorination method for mercury removal, purification of metal mercury and Hg 2 Cl;
5 The zinc- silver dust and copper matte obtained by steaming the residue can recover Ag, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co.
C system - waste heat recovery power generation
Due to the different content of valuable metals in different mine concentrates, the technical conditions of the smelting process change, resulting in large fluctuations in the composition of intermediate products, but the distribution of valuable metals is obvious. Tables 1 and 2 are examples of the distribution of valuable metals and the content of intermediate products and recovery rates in the zinc smelting process.
Table 1 Example of distribution of valuable metals in the zinc smelting process of Huludao Zinc Plant (1)%
Material name
Zn
Cd
Pb
Hg
In, g/t
Tl
Co
Zinc concentrate
40~55
0.2 to 0.4
0.8 to 2.5
0.001 to 0.08
10 to 300
0.05～0.01
0.002～0.007
Distribution rate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Fluidized furnace
Dust collection
30~40
4~5
14～19
0.005～0.01
0.005～0.01
0.001 to 0.031
0.001 to 0.002
Distribution rate
1.39~1.5
8~10
8~5
1 to 5
8~5
20~29
Fluidization furnace
Furnace gas composition
0.5 to 1.0
3 to 5
12-15
50~200
Distribution rate
0.1 to 0.2
5~10
2 to 5
90～95
Secondary baking
Cadmium dust component
25~35
8~20
30~40
0.003～0.01
0.009～0.036
Distribution rate
1.0 to 1.3
50～72
25~35
8~5
30~38
Coke distillation
Soot composition
35～55
0.5 to 3.5
0.5 to 0.8
0.2 to 0.5
Distribution rate
1.5 to 2.5
8~12
5~7
30~50
Distillation high cadmium
Zinc composition
88～90
8~12
Distribution rate
0.01~
10~15
Distillation containing indium
Lead composition
8~10
88～91
0.4 to 0.8
Distribution rate
0.01~0.03
10~
10~15
Distillation tank slag
ingredient
1 to 3
0.5 to 0.7
0.001 to 0.01
0.05
Distribution rate
1 to 3
20~30
5~10
2 to 3
>90
other
1 to 2
2 to 5
20
<8
Table 1 Example of distribution of valuable metals in the zinc smelting process of Huludao Zinc Plant (2)%
Material name
Cu
Ge
Ga
Sn
S
Au, g/t
Ag, g/t
Zinc concentrate
0.4～2.0
<0.001
<0.002
24~31
<1
20 to 300
Distribution rate
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Fluidization furnace
Dust and dust components
0.05~0.2
<0.0008
<0.008
4~6
300~800
Distribution rate
0.2 to 0.8
2 to 3
10~12
Fluidization furnace
Furnace gas composition
10~11
Distribution rate
90～95
Secondary roasting
Cadmium dust component
0.1 to 0.2
5~10
150~300
Distribution rate
0.4 to 0.8
3 to 4
3 to 5
Coke distillation
Soot composition
0.01~0.1
40～80
Distribution rate
0.05~0.5
1 to 2
Distillation high cadmium
Zinc composition
Distribution rate
Distillation containing indium
Lead composition
Distribution rate
Distillation tank slag composition
0.5 to 1.1
0.001 to 0.003
0.001 to 0.003
1 to 2
1.5
100~200
Distribution rate
>90
80～90
80～90
1 to 5
90～95
78～85
other
<8
Table 2 Recovery rate of each element in the zinc smelting process of Huludao Zinc Plant, %
project
Cd
In
Pb
Cu
Co
Hg
Ag
T1
S
Crude
fine
Crude
fine
Smelting recovery rate
～87
98.997
67
>95
80～85
60
40
Total recovery
74.56
37.75
61.50
50.43 1
14.82
44.2
94.88
1 is the original condensation method to recover data. Now the use of chlorination to recover mercury from flue gas, the acid containing mercury can be reduced to 10 -5 , has been industrialized successfully.

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