Table 3 Examples of wet copper production applications around the world
country | mine | Leaching mineral | Yield | |
1 | Canada | Gibraltar mine | Copper-bearing waste rock and low grade ore | 5000t (copper) / a |
2 | Chile | EL.Teniente (El Tenet) | Soot leaching of sulfide ore in situ leaching | 5~9t (copper) / d 20 t (copper) / d |
3 | Chile | LoAguirre Aguirre Mine | Mixed ore leaching | 12000 t (copper) / a |
4 | United States | Magma.San.Manuel Magma St. Manuel Mine | Oxidized ore leaching (2/3) in situ leaching (1/3) | Total 73000 (copper) / a |
5 | United States | Cyprus.sierrita Cyprus West Dali Tower | Oxidized ore, waste rock mineral leaching | 15 t (copper) / d |
6 | United States | Cyprus.TwinButte Cyprus Twin Peaks Mine | Oxidized ore leaching | Daily treatment of 10000t mine |
7 | United States | CyprusMiami I Miami Mine (I) | Low grade mixed mine | 65000t t (copper) / a |
8 | United States | CyprusMiami II Miami Mine (II) | In-situ leaching of waste rock tailings | 12 t (copper) / d |
9 | United States | MagmaPintoWalley Magma Pinto Valley Mine | Low grade mine | 20385kg/d |
10 | Japan | Kosaka Cosaka Mine | Low grade mine | 800 t (copper) / a |
11 | Russia | Digtyanskiurals | Sulfide ore | 800 t (copper) / a |
12 | United States | Bluebirdmine Bluebird Mine | Oxidized ore | 6800 t (copper) / a |
13 | Spain | RioTinto Rio Tinto Mine | Low grade mine | 8000 t (copper) / a |
14 | United States | Baghdad Baghdad Mine | Mixed oxidized ore | 13600 t (copper) / a |
15 | Mexico | Canary Mine | Sulfide ore | 8700 t (copper) / a |
The Bottom Bracket on a bicycle connects the crankset (chainset) to the bicycle and allows the crankset to rotate freely. It is not a bracket as such. It contains a spindle that the crankset attaches to, and the bearings that allow the spindle and cranks to rotate. The chainrings and pedals attach to the cranks. The bottom bracket fits inside the bottom bracket shell, which connects the seat tube, down tube and chain stays as part of the Bicycle Frame.
There is some disagreement as to whether the word axle or spindle should be used in particular contexts. The distinction is based on whether the axle/spindle is stationary, as that in a hub, or rotates, as that in a bottom bracket.[1] Sheldon Brown uses axle once and spindle four times in his bottom bracket glossary entry.[2] This article uses spindle throughout for consistency.
An old American term for bottom bracket is hanger. This is usually used in connection with Ashtabula cranks, alternatively termed one-piece cranks.
Bottom Bracket
Bottom Bracket, Bike Bottom Bracket, Bicycle Bottom Bracket
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