Examples of wet copper production applications around the world

Table 3 Examples of wet copper production applications around the world

Serial number
country mine Leaching mineral Yield
1 Canada Gibraltar mine Copper-bearing waste rock and low grade ore 5000t (copper) / a
2 Chile EL.Teniente (El Tenet) Soot leaching of sulfide ore in situ leaching 5~9t (copper) / d 20 t (copper) / d
3 Chile LoAguirre Aguirre Mine Mixed ore leaching 12000 t (copper) / a
4 United States Magma.San.Manuel Magma St. Manuel Mine Oxidized ore leaching (2/3) in situ leaching (1/3) Total 73000 (copper) / a
5 United States Cyprus.sierrita Cyprus West Dali Tower Oxidized ore, waste rock mineral leaching 15 t (copper) / d
6 United States Cyprus.TwinButte Cyprus Twin Peaks Mine Oxidized ore leaching Daily treatment of 10000t mine
7 United States CyprusMiami I Miami Mine (I) Low grade mixed mine 65000t t (copper) / a
8 United States CyprusMiami II Miami Mine (II) In-situ leaching of waste rock tailings 12 t (copper) / d
9 United States MagmaPintoWalley Magma Pinto Valley Mine Low grade mine 20385kg/d
10 Japan Kosaka Cosaka Mine Low grade mine 800 t (copper) / a
11 Russia Digtyanskiurals Sulfide ore 800 t (copper) / a
12 United States Bluebirdmine Bluebird Mine Oxidized ore 6800 t (copper) / a
13 Spain RioTinto Rio Tinto Mine Low grade mine 8000 t (copper) / a
14 United States Baghdad Baghdad Mine Mixed oxidized ore 13600 t (copper) / a
15 Mexico Canary Mine Sulfide ore 8700 t (copper) / a

The Bottom Bracket on a bicycle connects the crankset (chainset) to the bicycle and allows the crankset to rotate freely. It is not a bracket as such. It contains a spindle that the crankset attaches to, and the bearings that allow the spindle and cranks to rotate. The chainrings and pedals attach to the cranks. The bottom bracket fits inside the bottom bracket shell, which connects the seat tube, down tube and chain stays as part of the Bicycle Frame.

There is some disagreement as to whether the word axle or spindle should be used in particular contexts. The distinction is based on whether the axle/spindle is stationary, as that in a hub, or rotates, as that in a bottom bracket.[1] Sheldon Brown uses axle once and spindle four times in his bottom bracket glossary entry.[2] This article uses spindle throughout for consistency.

An old American term for bottom bracket is hanger. This is usually used in connection with Ashtabula cranks, alternatively termed one-piece cranks.


Bottom Bracket

Bottom Bracket, Bike Bottom Bracket, Bicycle Bottom Bracket

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