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As one of the main symbols of the development of science and technology in the 20th century and one of the pillars of modern information society optoelectronic technology, the development of laser technology and laser industry has been highly valued by advanced countries in the world.
Laser processing is the largest project in foreign laser applications, and it is also an important means for the transformation of traditional industries. It is mainly the kW class to 10 kW class CO2 laser and the 100 watt to kilowatt YAG laser to cut, weld, and punch various materials. Sculpting and heat treatment.
In laser processing applications, CO2 lasers are the most widely used for cutting and welding, accounting for 70% and 20%, respectively, and less than 10% for surface treatments. The application of YAG lasers is based on welding, marking (50%) and cutting (15%). In the United States and Europe, CO2 lasers account for 70 to 80%. 10% of laser processing in China is dominated by cutting, of which more than 98% of CO2 lasers have power in the range of 1.5kW~2kW, while heat-based ones account for about 15%, most of which are for laser processing of automobile engines. Cylinder liner. The economic and social benefits of this technology are very high, so it has a great market prospect.
In the automotive industry, laser processing technology gives full play to its advanced, fast, and flexible processing features. If a large number of three-dimensional laser cutting machines are used in automobile prototypes and small batch production, not only the model and tooling equipment are saved, but also the production preparation cycle is greatly shortened; the laser beam makes small holes in high-hardness materials and complex and curved surfaces with high speed. Without damage; laser welding has become the standard process in the automotive industry, Toyota Japan has used the laser for body panel welding, welding different thickness and different surface coated metal plate together, and then stamping. Although laser heat treatment is not as common as welding and cutting in foreign countries, it is still widely used in the automotive industry, such as the heat treatment of components such as cylinder liners, crankshafts, piston rings, commutators, and gears. In industrialized countries, laser processing technology, computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology are combined to generate laser rapid prototyping technology. This technology can not only rapidly manufacture models, but also can directly melt metal powders to make metal molds.
In the 1980s, YAG lasers played an increasingly important role in welding, cutting, punching, and marking. It is generally believed that YAG laser cutting can obtain good cutting quality and high cutting accuracy, but is limited in cutting speed. With the increase of YAG laser output power and beam quality, it was broken. YAG lasers have begun to squeeze into the kw-class CO2 laser cutting market. YAG lasers are particularly suitable for welding micro devices that do not allow thermal deformation and welding contamination, such as lithium batteries, pacemakers, and sealed relays. YAG laser drilling has developed into the largest laser processing application.
At present, foreign laser drilling is mainly used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronic instrumentation, chemical industry and other industries. The rapid development of laser drilling is mainly reflected in the fact that the average output power of YAG lasers for drilling has increased from 400W five years ago to 800w to 1000w. The peak power of punching is as high as 30~50kw, the pulse width for punching is getting narrower and narrower, the repetition frequency is getting higher and higher, and the increase of laser output parameters has greatly improved the quality of punching and improved the speed of punching. Expanded the scope of application of drilling. The current domestic application of laser drilling is in the production of synthetic diamond and natural diamond wire drawing and the production of watch jewel bearings.
The current research and development of laser processing technology can be summarized as:
The research of a new generation of industrial lasers is currently in the technologically updated period. Its mark is the development and application of diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers; fine laser processing, accounting for only 6% of microfabrication in the statistics of laser processing applications in 1996, 1997 It has doubled to 12%, and it has increased to 19% in 1998; the processing system is intelligent, and system integration is not only the processing itself, but with real-time detection and feedback processing. With the establishment of the expert system, the processing system has become intelligent. Become an inevitable trend of development.
After more than 30 years of development, laser technology has achieved thousands of scientific and technological achievements in China. Many of them have been used in production practices. The output of laser processing equipment grows at an average annual rate of 20%, which has solved the problems of traditional industrial technology transformation and product quality improvement. Many problems, such as laser fiber chemical fiber technology is being promoted in large steel plants such as Baosteel and Benxi Steel, will change the state of the steel plate of China's auto parts completely dependent on imports. The quality, function and price of laser marking machine and laser welding machine are in line with the current domestic market. The demand, market share of more than 90%.
The main problems are:
The ability to convert scientific research into products is poor, and many of the promising results remain at the prototype stage of the laboratory; the core components of the laser processing system are the few varieties of lasers, the technology is backward, and the reliability is poor. In addition, diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers have been used in the production process in foreign countries, and diode lasers have also been used. However, diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers in China are still at the beginning of research and development. There are few researches on the processing technology, especially the research on the fine processing technology, and there is very little research on the processing of the ultraviolet laser. The reliability, safety, maintainability, and compatibility of laser processing equipment are poor, and it is difficult to meet the needs of industrial production.
The main work of the "10th Five-Year Plan" is to promote the development of the laser processing industry, maintain an average annual growth rate of 20% of the laser's annual production value, achieve an annual output value of more than 20 billion yuan, popularize and promote processing technology in industrial production applications, and focus on completing electronics and automobiles. The demonstration projects for the transformation of laser technology in traditional industries such as steel, petroleum, shipbuilding, aviation, etc. provide new laser equipment and instruments for the six high-tech fields of information, materials, biology, energy, space, and oceans.
Main research contents (1) Research on the introduction of high-power CO2 and solid-state lasers and excimer lasers for laser processing to improve the level of domestically-made machines. At the same time, develop and develop dedicated laser processing machine tools to improve the stable operation of laser products on the production line. In the cycle, we will strive to establish a more comprehensive manufacturing base for processing lasers in China.
(2) Establish detection methods for laser processing equipment parameters and conduct methodological research.
(3) Laser cutting technology research. Develop and industrialize the existing laser cutting system, provide a 2-3 axis CNC CO2 cutting machine with good performance and low price, and carry out research on the corresponding cutting process, so that the process is widely used in materials processing, automotive , aerospace and shipbuilding and other fields. This should focus on the laser peripheral devices, such as: light guide system, process monitoring and control, nozzle, floating device design and development and CAD / CAM and other aspects of the work.
(4) Laser welding technology research. To carry out laser welding process and materials, welding process equipment requirements and welding process parameters monitoring and control technology research, in order to master ordinary steel, non-ferrous metals and special steel welding process.
(5) Laser surface treatment technology research. Carry out dimensionality CAD/CAM technology, laser surface treatment process, material performance and laser surface treatment process parameter monitoring and control research, so that the laser surface treatment process can be applied to production to a greater extent.
(6) Laser processing beam quality and processing peripheral devices. To study the quality requirements of laser beams for various laser processing technologies, laser beam and processing quality monitoring techniques, design and development of optical systems and processing heads.
(7) Selecting and supporting 2 to 3 national processing technology research centers to carry out laser processing technology research, focusing on research and popularization and application of surface modification and heat treatment of materials; conducting application research of laser rapid prototyping technology to broaden laser applications field.
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