[Crystal structure] can be regarded as a seamless hollow tube formed by a single or multi-layer graphite hexagonal mesh structure curled by 360° (Fig. Z-11). The diameter of the tube is a few nanometers or tens of nanometers, and the length of the tube is several tens of nanometers to about 1 [mu]m. In the case of multi-layer crimping, the spacing between adjacent layers is comparable to the layer spacing of graphite, about 0.34 nm.
Figure Z-11 Single-layer capped spiral carbon nanotube model
(quoted from Zhang Xiaofeng, 1996) (the hexagonal string winding around the tube axis spirally wound)
[Forms] Generally appear in the form of nano-scale fibers formed by a single carbon nanotube.
[Physical Properties and Applications] In carbon nanotubes, the radial motion and axial motion of electrons in the tube are completely different, showing a special quantum effect. Therefore, carbon nanotubes are called one-dimensional quantum wires. In terms of conductivity, carbon nanotubes may be gold properties, may be semiconducting, or even in different parts of the same carbon nanotubes may exhibit a different conductive properties, and transfer properties of the two different conductive portions At the place, a heterojunction is formed, which has a rectifying effect. In addition to the peculiar electrical properties, carbon nanotubes also have extraordinary mechanical properties. Theoretical calculations show that the strength of a single-layer carbon nanotube curled from a layer of carbon atoms is estimated to be 100 times that of steel, while the density is only steel. 1/6.
The Flat Face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting.
Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon Steel Flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin, bittle cast iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon steel flange.
Flat Flange,Slip On Flat Face Flange,Flat Face Blind Flange,Flat Face Weld Neck Flange
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